Midterm Exam - Ms. Essay - 2099 Words

Moreno MIDTERM EXAM - MS Please respond to the short-answer questions below (answers should be brief and succinct). While you are able to use your textbook, please state the answers in your own words. This is a test of your understanding of the material—not a copy of what is written in your book. 1. Discuss the â€Å"trilogy† definition of a â€Å"crisis.† There are four parts in a crisis as utilized by Kanel, (2014), and as defined by the ABC Model of crisis is defined: 1) it is the precipitating event occurs, 2) An individual has a perception of the event as threatening or harmful, 3) The perception leads to emotional distress, and 4 the emotional distress leads to impairment in functioning due to the failure of an individual’s usual coping methods that have prevented a crisis before. 2. Describe how a crisis can be both an opportunity and a danger. In Chinese, crisis can mean danger and opportunity. This dualistic meaning features the possible benefits, and the possible dangerous facets of a crisis condition (Kanel, 2014). An individual could face the challenge of the precipitating occurrence strongly; in contrast, the same person might react with a neurotic disturbance, psychotic disorder, or possibly death. A crisis for an individual that receives no intervention will in time conclude, frequently within four to six weeks (Kanel, 2014). Even though an individual’s personality will define how they come out of the crisis, whether strong or weak (Kanel, 2014). DuringShow MoreRelatedHrm 517 Week 6 Assignment 1 Planning Document896 Words   |  4 Pagesappointed head of human resources and are now in charge of managing a small team. Your next project is to revamp the compensation and benefits package employees are receiving at your company. Design a plan for the human resource project without the use of MS Project or simil ar software. Note: You will have to make assumptions or create fictitious data for this assignment. Be clear about these assumptions and data for your professor to follow along. Write a 6-8 page paper in which you: 1. ConstructRead MoreStudent1312 Words   |  6 PagesFRE 6023 Fall 2007 Midterm Exam Polytechnic University Professor Barry Blecherman Tuesday 23 October 2007 This is an open-book, open-note, open-computer exam – there is no reason that I can anticipate that you’ll need a computer, but you may use one if you wish to. Please do not speak unless asking me a question and please keep your eyes focused on your own work. Please keep your handwriting neat, and remember that I can only give full/partial credit if I understand what you’ve writtenRead MoreMy Experience With Medical School869 Words   |  4 Pages Medical school has been a life long dream of mine, but what sets me apart from others are the lessons learned within my life experiences. 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Rudy and Diane should implement plans forRead MoreEco 578 Midterm Examination Questions and Answers1853 Words   |  8 PagesECO 578 Midterm Examination Questions and Answers Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/eco-578-midterm-examination-questions-and-answers/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com Midterm Exam †¢ There are 4 parts: Part A: Answer the following questions (1-8) Part B: True/ False (9-28) Part C: Select the correct answer for the following questionsRead MoreProject Management Project2025 Words   |  9 Pagesproject selection. Analytical skills for successful project management. Insights into human behavior and people skills for project management. Project scheduling techniques including WBS, PERT, Gantt Charts. 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Racial Discrimination The Worst Form Of Inequality

Aristotle once said â€Å"The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal.† Racial discrimination occurs everyday to many different people. In America,the individuals who are usually discriminated against are the minorities like African Americans and Hispanics. Affirmative action is a policy that was created and has been claimed to be positive discrimination. The policy was created to give equal opportunity to groups of people who are usually discriminated against. Although Affirmative action has been named to be positive and support minorities, it is still unjust. There should be no positive aspects of racial discrimination. Many believe that it is only racial discrimination or racist if a caucasian person discriminates against a person of color but do not consider it racism if it happens to be the other way around. Racial Discrimination in any form is harmful which is why affirmative action policies are not correct. Discrimination occurs to many different types of people but racial discrimination seems to occur more to these specific individuals which in America it appears to be that the groups most discriminated against are African Americans and Hispanics. America has grown into a place where certain events are associated with these groups. Many people simply assume that African Americans are associated with crime and that all hispanics are illegal. This is called prejudice. People who assume these things about an entire group of people are the rootShow MoreRelatedThe Racism Of Black Resentment900 Words   |  4 PagesColor blind racism ideologies operate in four frames which is abstract liberalism, biologization of culture, naturalization of racial matter, and minimization of racism. 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Digitalis Toxicity Report Free Essays

The accounts of digitalis toxicity due to overdose in 1985 specify 1,015 cases including 584 patients that are below 6 years old and 56 patients aging 6-17 years old. The greater part of these documented toxicity cases (83%) come about without the purpose of overdosing (Kwon, 2006). The prevalence of digitalis toxicity had a rising trend for some time until it was acknowledged in the early 1990’s that reduction in toxicity cases was observed. We will write a custom essay sample on Digitalis Toxicity Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Among the studies that concluded the decreased cases of digitalis toxicity was the research conducted by Haynes et al. In there study, it was noted that the cases of digitalis toxicity in United States and United Kingdom manifested a decreasing trend in the past two decades. Hospitalizations in relation to digitalis toxicity were notably reduced in United States whereas in United Kingdom the cases of ambulatory digitalis toxicity also lessened. The decreased incidence of digitalis toxicity in the U. S. is correlated to the diminished administration of this drug. The dilemma due to digitalis toxicity has significantly reduced in the two above mentioned countries (Haynes, et al, 2008). Though incidence of digitalis toxicity is turning to the decreasing side it is no reason to disregard the threats of toxicity that consumers of this substance are exposed to. Digitalis is drug extracted from the leaves of the plant called Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea). The utilization of foxglove as a medicinal plant already exists for centuries. But the popularity of this plant was not that intense until an English botanist and physician named William Withering in the 1700’s pioneered the establishing of digitalis as a cardiac drug. This doctor conducted a detailed study of digitalis. Withering was also responsible for the determination of the most effective preparation of the drug as well as the correct dosages for various heart ailments. This English physician was also responsible for the setting up the standards of when to abort the therapy using digitalis because of its toxic effects (NetIndustries, 2008). The mode of action of digitoxin involves the inhibition of the Na-K ATPase in myocytes to increase heart muscles contractility. The drug attach to the binding sites situated in the extra cytoplasm of the sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphate (Na-K ATPase) pump preventing the active transfer of Na and K across the cell membranes. The resulting high concentrations of sodium and calcium as well as the low amounts of potassium in the intracellular part of the muscle cell promotes the fourth stage myocardial action potential creating a decreased conduction velocity and amplification of ectopic activity. The end result boost in the contractility of heart muscles due to the action of digitalis is beneficial to various heart ailments (Kwon, 2006). This is utilized as a drug therapy for heart problems. This substance is specifically indicated in cases of persistent systolic heart failure symptoms despite the administration of diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and beta blocker; and, cases of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. The objective of the therapy using digitoxin ranges from 0.5 to 1. 0 ng/mL. The administration of digitoxin is contraindicated in patients that are receiving primary therapy for acute decompensated heart failure stabilization and during cases of sinus or atrioventricular (AV) except for cases of prior pacemaker treatment applied (Kwon, 2006). Medicine administered within the range of its therapeutic dose rarely produce toxicity. The established daily therapeutic dose of digitoxin varies from 0. 0005 mg/kg (for young infants) to 0. 75 mg/kg (for mature individuals). This drug in tablet preparations has the estimated absorption of 70-80% and a bioavailability of 95%. In oral administrations (per os / PO), the action onset of digitoxin transpires after 30-120 minutes whereas in intravenous route action onset to occur requires only 5-30 minutes. The threshold of the effect of this drug after oral and intravenous routes is 2-6 hrs and 5-30 minutes respectively. An estimate of 60-80% of the digitoxin intake is excreted by the kidney without structure and properties change(Kwon, 2006). The lethal dose of this drug varies with the age of the patients. Doses above 10 mg per individual even in healthy adults will cause death but doses lower than 5 mg infrequently produces problems such as toxicity. In children, the intake of doses above 0. 3 mg/kg or 4 mg per individual often causes fatality (Kwon, 2006). The population which is highly at risked with the development of digitoxin toxicity are the infants and the old people. The threats of digitalis toxicity include intake of medicines like digitoxin and digoxin; and, digitalis interaction with other drugs like verapamil, amiodarone, and quinidine. Having below normal levels of potassium in the body such as the patients medicated with potassium losing diuretics is also at risk of the toxic effects of digitalis. People with kidney damage and having little amounts of magnesium are also prone to digitalis toxicity. Caution should be observed in administering digitalis as well as other medicines to patients with kidney damage because the capacity of the body to excrete any drug taken is also diminished along with the kidney problem. Thus, the drug has the tendency to accumulate in the kidney and increasing the possibility of toxicity (â€Å"Digitalis Toxicity†). Occurrence of digitalis toxicity can be due to two mechanisms: the above therapeutic amounts of digitalis in the patient’s body, and the lowering of the patient’s digitalis tolerance. The toxicity can be caused by either or both of the mechanisms. The toxicity of this drug can happen with one exposure to the drug as well as the gradual toxicity. Some patients suffer the effects of digitalis toxicity despite the normal blood levels of this drug because of the existence of other digitalis toxicity risk factors (â€Å"Digitalis Toxicity†). Other disease and metabolic conditions that serve as risk factors of the toxic effects of this drug are: hypoxemia, hypothyroidism, and alkalosis (Kwon, 2006). The mortality rates due to digitalis toxicity vary with the details of the population. The direct consequence of cardiac toxicity in digitalis toxicity result to 3-21% mortality rate. Male individuals are more prone to this drug’s toxicity compared to the females. The young and old people have increased risks to digitalis toxicity than the other age brackets. Ingestion of digitalis medicines of their grandparents is the primary cause of toxicity among children (Kwon, 2006). The symptoms of toxicity due to digitalis include strange changes in vision like color perception problems, blurring of vision, having visual blind spots, and having visual bright light spots; nausea; vomiting; pulse irregularities; appetite loss; palpitations; confusion; general swelling; lower urine volume; lowered consciousness; and, breathing difficulty during lying down (â€Å"Digitalis Toxicity†). The treatment regimen for digitalis toxicities comprise of specific, symptomatic, and supportive therapy phases. The supportive therapy phase for this toxicity case consists of electrolyte imbalance correction, dehydration treatment using IV fluids, and oxygen support equipped with ventilation. It is frequently prescribed by medical practitioners to supplement potassium in cases wherein the patient has potassium levels lower than 4 mmol/L. The recommendation of diuresis induction is not approved due to the tendency to aggravate the electrolyte imbalances and the renal excretion of the drug is not enhanced by this process (Kwon, 2006). The specific therapy phase involves the administration of digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments that are noted to be of significant success in treating severe acute digitalis toxicity. This drug is sort of the antidote for digitalis toxicities as well as other complications in relation to digitalis. Immediate administration of digoxin-specific Fab antibody is recommended upon deducing digitalis toxicity. The prompt treatment digoxin immune fab will decrease the morbidity and mortality rates of digitalis toxicities. To contradict arrhythmias that might occur in digitalis toxicity treatment with phynetoin is advised (Kwon, 2006). The recommended method for gastrointestinal cleansing is the utilization of multiple-dose activated charcoal (1gram/kilogram weight of patient/day). Administration of ipecac syrup to induce emesis is contraindicated due to the activation of the vagal tones. Other possible methodologies of eliminating the toxic amounts of digitalis in a patient’s body are gastric lavage, whole-bowel irrigations, and steroid binding resins like colestipol and cholestyramine. These three aforementioned therapeutic regimens though have constraints like the vagal effects and the lack of substantial data to support their efficacy in these toxicity cases (Kwon, 2006). Even if the incidence of digitalis toxicity cases have plunged the vigilance regarding this condition should not stop. The drug prescriptions of digitalis for heart problems should be ensured by the medical practitioners to be under the therapeutic dosages. The availability of this drug to children should also be eliminated to prevent the accidental ingestion of this drug. Since digitalis in an important cardiac drug various researches has been conducted involving this medicinal substance. The medical industry should not stop there though; further studies can still be done to improve the value of digitalis as a therapeutic agent without compromising the patient’s safety. How to cite Digitalis Toxicity Report, Papers

Observation In Case Illustrates How Lydia â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Observation In Case Illustrates How Lydia? Answer: Introducation Observation in this case illustrates how Lydia is being supported by her mother and her teacher towards learning process. While on the floor, she tries to reach on the book with the help of her mother and trying to balance herself while being encouraged by the teacher. The support systems Lydia is receiving in this case are exemplary in that it plays the actions of play and learning which crucial elements in learning outcomes of children are. The motivation of her mother is crucial at this phase when she tries to reach her the book on the floor till she crawls in order to get the book. The child on the other, is supported in gaining confidence to stand on the mat alone enabling Lydia to learn basic developmental skills despite her condition. My own observation from this scenario illustrates the role of mentors and support system among children and how they influence the learning process among them, (Larson, 2006). Lydias support of her mother and teacher in this case are exemplary de spite her condition, this has been overcome through economics learning process they take through her and the courage and motivation she receives from the support system. The actions of Lydia are overly leaned towards her perspective. Hence the starting point of the learning process and learning task is traced to child setting which in this case is related to the actions of the teacher and her mother, (Anderson, 2003). The focus of the teacher and her mother is shaping the actions of the child. The child is learning from the adult perspective, and has often been referred to as developmental pedagogy, (Pramling Samuelsson, 2006). The practice the child undergoes is crucial in shaping her world. The context, experience and situation relation makes a lot of sense to her world, (Cole et al, 2004). The observations illustrated from this two scenarios, highlights major interpretations based on the Early Childhood Framework according to the Australian framework on child development, (Ortilipp, 2011). In this framework, the following learning outcomes can be illustrated from the observations; Children have strong sense of identity 1.4; Children are able to learn and interact in relation to others with care empathy and respect- the relation of the teacher with Lydia is exemplary and shows how positive interaction yields positive learning process. Learning outcome 4: children are confident and involved learners 4.1 Children transfer and adapt from their environmental context- with the management the child is receiving through her mentors (mother and the teacher) is crucial in adapting to suit their environment. Learning outcome 4: Children being confident and involved learners 4.1 Children developing disposition of learning process- in this way it is demonstrated by the ability of Lydia to be able to learn various aspects of play and learning how to crawl and climbing stairs and jumping around. Learning outcome 5: Children able to be effective communicators 5.1 Children interact non verbally through the actions they portray through the learning process and as a mentor and support system, they ensure communication process. References Pramling Samuelsson, I. (2006). Teaching and learning in preschool and the first years of elementary school in Sweden. Nordic childhoods and early education, 101-131. Cole, P. M., Martin, S. E., Dennis, T. A. (2004). Emotion regulation as a scientific construct: Methodological challenges and directions for child development research. Child Business development, 75(2), 317-333. Anderson, T. (2003). Getting the mix right again: An updated and theoretical rationale for interaction. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 4(2). Ortlipp, M., Arthur, L., Woodrow, C. (2011). Discourses of the early years learning framework: Constructing the early childhood professional. Contemporary issues in early childhood, 12(1), 56-70. Larson, R. (2006). Positive youth development, willful adolescents, and mentoring. Journal of community psychology, 34(6), 677-689.